Tops- Petroleum Refining and Textile

From ancient times to the present, in all aspects of people's lives, clothing materials plays an important role. The ancients used the bark, the natural plant and animal fur covering its body, and later developed into all kinds of dress. Fabric raw materials used by the people, in general, such as cotton plants, plant hemp, animal fur and silk, they are collectively referred to as natural fibers. With the development of human societyand the natural fiber has not fully meet people's lives and production needs, the 1883 British Swain made ​​the first root of man-made fibers, to enter the course of development of chemical fiber. Until the end of the 1960s, due to the impact of the development of the petrochemical industry, prompting the synthetic fibers, the rapid development of the final in this big field of fiber, there has been an alternative variety - of synthetic fibers.

I as a textile student had been taught and known that synthetic fibers are from petroleum. But I quite curious about how they are manufactured from this black, dull, sticky liquid? Here is my initial research:

How to refining petroleum-

In Molecular Structure, Crude is consists of C1~ C70 Hydrocarbons. Because of the different boiling point, use the fractionation to refine the petroleum. Here is a simple diagram.

figure 1

How the synthetic fibre does comes from-

In the last figure1 C5~ C9 naphtha, this is the raw material of synaptic fibre. Using each component of the porous solid adsorbent different affinity separation, such as separation from kerosine n-alkyl Hydrocarbons for soft detergent raw materials. From mixed xylene separation P-xylene for polyester fiber raw materials. In this process we could refine “Paraxylene” into plastic pallets. Which could make polyamide fiber, polyester fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers.

How does the synaptic yarn be manufactured-

figure 2

figure 3

figure 4

Figure2 is plastic pallets, figure3,4 are spinning machine. Here is the process: pour the plastic pallets in the funnel top of the machine, power on to heat the plastic pallets into liquid. Through the pipes the extrude the yarns out like figure4.

Solutions of petroleum exhaust-

Resources in this plant is going to run out, it is an emergency situation to find solutions.

New method for extracting petroleum

1. extract from the flowers
2. extracted from trees
3. extracted from the waste liquid
4. extracted from the faeces
5. extracted from coal
6. extract the oil from the stone 

Traditional Way

Petroleum resource 100% à PP/PE à End products

Bio- based plastic

Plant absorb CO2 during growth à Renewable plant
                           Petroleum resource

Mix Rnewable plant with Petrolum resource à PSM Bio-based plastic à End products